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The TCP/IP Guide  9  TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols, Services and Applications (OSI Layers 5, 6 and 7)       9  TCP/IP Network Configuration and Management Protocols (BOOTP, DHCP, SNMP and RMON)            9  Host Configuration and TCP/IP Host Configuration Protocols (BOOTP and DHCP)                 9  TCP/IP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP Security Issues 1 2 TCP/IP Network Management Framework and Protocols (SNMP and RMON)

DHCPv6 Operation Overview

The operation of DHCPv6 is similar to that of DHCPv4, but the protocol itself has been completely rewritten. It is not based on the older DHCP or on BOOTP, except in conceptual terms. It still uses UDP but uses new port numbers, a new message format, and restructured options. All of this means that the new protocol is not strictly compatible with DHCPv4 or BOOTP, though I believe work is underway on a method to allow DHCPv6 servers to work with IPv4 devices.

DHCPv6 is also oriented around IPv6 methods of addressing, especially the use of link-local scoped multicast addresses. This allows efficient communication even before a client has been assigned an IP address. Once a client has an address and knows the identity of a server it may communicate with the server directly using unicast addressing.

There are two basic client/server message exchanges that are used in DHCPv6: the four-message exchange and the two-message exchange. The former is used when a client needs to obtain an IPv6 address and other parameters. This process is similar to the regular DHCP address allocation process; highly simplified, it involves these steps:

1. The client sends a multicast Solicit message to find a DHCPv6 server and ask for a lease.
   
   
2. Any server that can fulfill the client's request responds to it with an Advertise message.
   
   
3. The client chooses one of the servers and sends a Request message to it asking to confirm the offered address and other parameters.
   
   
4. The server responds with a Reply message to finalize the process.

There is also a shorter variation of the four-message process above, where a client sends a Solicit message and indicates that a server should respond back immediately with a Reply message.

If the client already has an IP address, either assigned manually or obtained in some other way, a simpler process can be undertaken, similar to how in regular DHCP the DHCPINFORM message is used:

1. The client multicasts an Information-Request message.
   
   
2. A server with configuration information for the client sends back a Reply message.

As in regular DHCP, a DHCPv6 client renews its lease after a period of time by sending a Renew message. DHCPv6 also supports relay agent functionality as in DHCPv4.

DHCP Security Issues 1 2 TCP/IP Network Management Framework and Protocols (SNMP and RMON)